The Azores archipelago hosts a remarkable array of plant life that has evolved in isolation for millions of years. Among the most emblematic species are Erica azorica, Juniperus brevifolia, and Picconia azorica. These plants are not just botanical curiosities—they are essential to the region’s native forests, help regulate soil and water cycles, and form unique habitats for other endemic species. Visitors walking through the trails of Grená Park have the rare opportunity to observe these protected plants in their natural environment.

Erica azorica, or Azorean heather, is a resilient evergreen shrub that can reach up to six meters in height. It thrives in harsh, dry environments such as lava fields, coastal slopes, and ridgelines above 300 meters. Its small bell-shaped flowers bloom from April to June, painting the landscape with pinkish-white hues. Once used locally to make brooms and charcoal, today Erica azorica plays a vital ecological role in stabilizing soil and supporting pollinators.

Juniperus brevifolia is an endemic juniper tree that may grow as a tall bush or reach up to 12 meters, forming part of the native laurel forests. Preferring higher altitudes between 600 and 1000 meters, this species provides shelter and food for birds and insects. Its aromatic wood was traditionally used for shipbuilding and furniture making. Interestingly, a rare parasitic plant, Arceuthobium azoricum, lives exclusively on its branches. In Grená Park, small stands of Juniperus can be found in misty upland areas.

Picconia azorica, sometimes called 'pau-branco', is a glossy-leaved tree from the olive family that can grow up to 8 meters tall. It favors ravines, stream banks, and shaded forest edges up to 700 meters in elevation. Its small white flowers give way to bluish fruits, which are consumed by birds and mammals, helping with seed dispersal. Historically, its strong wood was used for yokes and ox carts, while the leaves served as fodder. In Grená, this tree is part of mixed native forest patches alongside Morella and Laurus.

These endemic plants are not only scientifically valuable but also beautiful and culturally significant. They serve as reminders of the unique biodiversity of oceanic islands and the need for ongoing conservation.